新文道考研
2016-05-05 16:42:20
21. According to the text, it is true that [A] unhappiness is more inherited than affected by environment. [B] happiness and unhappiness are mutually conditional. [C] unhappiness is subject to external more than internal factors. [D] happiness is an uncontrollable subjective feeling.该题应该放在最后一个才符合真题的逻辑，因为题目是基于理解全文的基础上。主题我们在(一)中已经读出，单单通过主题我们可以排除B，因为二者并没有关系。AC都是关于原因方面的，非A 即C，我们通过在三段找到答案，unhappiness是因为家庭遗传，因此A是正确的。D的迷惑性最大，只是错在uncontrollable,靠自己的主观努力是可以实现的，后边是对的。该题结合主题和细节去分析。
22. The author argues that one can achieve happiness by [A] maintaining it at an average level. [B] escaping miserable occurrences in life. [C] pursuing it with one’s painstaking effort. [D] realizing its coexistence with unhappiness.该题很明显是细节定位题，但要注意题干是对于原文的同义替换，我们在浏览文章时候在三段首句说的是how to lead a happier life.这句是统领句，接下来应该是对于如何过上更加幸福生活的具体方法的阐释，自然答案也应该是这里。因为文章主题是幸福与不幸福是没有关系的，在三段中，说到unhappiness是由于遗传;最后部分才出现实现happiness的方法，即you develop largely for yourself.答案[C] pursuing it with one’s painstaking effort也是对于该句的同义替换。
23. The phrase “To date” (Para. 4) can be best replaced by [A] As a result. [B] In addition. [C] At present. [D] Until now.涉及到猜词义的题目，我们一般都会结合前后语义，但是该题目，除了意义外，我们还需要关注句子的时态才能做对题。第四段中间的内容都是顺承下来，这四句话settle on...also find...not find...but discover...都是关于心理学家的研究成果，to date相当于一个时间状语，我们首先排除AB，A表结果，B表递进都不对。意义上只有CD正确，但At present用于一般现在时，Until now用于现在完成时。
每道题都有其特定的考察点，需要我们多多练习和总结。做题的功夫是练出来的，大家要脚踏实地进行分析琢磨，阅读能力提升指日可待。
附文章:
It’s plain common sense—the more happiness you feel, the less unhappiness you experience. It’s plain common sense, but it’s not true. Recent research reveals that happiness and unhappiness are not really two sides of the same emotion. They are two distinct feelings that, coexisting, rise and fall independently.
People might think that the higher a person’s level of unhappiness, the lower their level of happiness and vice versa. But when researchers measure people’s average levels of happiness and unhappiness, they often find little relationship between the two.
The recognition that feelings of happiness and unhappiness can co-exist much like love and hate in a close relationship may offer valuable clues on how to lead a happier life. It suggests, for example, that changing or avoiding things that make you miserable may well make you less miserable, but probably won’t make you any happier. That advice is backed up by an extraordinary series of studies which indicate that a genetic predisposition for unhappiness may run in certain families. On the other hand, researchers have found happiness doesn’t appear to be anyone’s heritage. The capacity for joy is a talent you develop largely for yourself.
Psychologists have settled on a working definition of the feeling—happiness is a sense of subjective well-being. They have also begun to find out who’s happy, who isn’t and why. To date, the research hasn’t found a simple formula for a happy life, but it has discovered some of the actions and attitudes that seem to bring people closer to that most desired of feelings.
Why is unhappiness less influenced by environment? When we are happy, we are more responsive to people and keep up connections better than when we are feeling sad. This doesn’t mean, however, that some people are born to be sad and that’s that. Genes may predispose one to unhappiness, but disposition can be influenced by personal choice. You can increase your happiness through your own actions.
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